Canada News
Why doesn’t Canada let schools provide child care?
(Pexels/Yan Krukov)
Canada’s policy-makers could take lessons from other countries who have streamlined early learning and child care within their schools.
Instead, they are putting up roadblocks, preventing provinces and territories from using federal child-care dollars to transform schools into one-stop centres for young children.
It’s a timely issue as parents countdown to the first day of classes, while scheduling down-to-the-minute drop-offs and pickups between child care and school, and scrutinizing child-care wait lists, hoping to net one of the coveted low-cost spaces. This all adds up to unnecessary stress for families that could easily be avoided.
Early childhood education models
In Medina Sidonia, the small Spanish town where I am spending the summer, festivities are gearing up for school’s return.
Children, organized into their new class groups, parade through the streets into the main square to pick up their back-to-school kits. In the lead are achingly adorable toddlers about to enter their first year of escuela infantil.
(Michael Gaylard/Flickr), CC BY
School in Spain officially starts at age six, but it’s normal for much younger children to participate.
Federal legislation, passed in 2006, established preschool as a publicly-funded extension of education, delivered without fees for families. Over 97 per cent of children between the ages of three and five attend, with efforts underway to incorporate two-year-olds.
The school day for all ages begins at 8:30 in the morning, ends at 4:30 and includes that delightful Spanish tradition, the two-hour lunch. Children may stay and eat with their peers or join the family meal at home. For parents who need additional hours to accommodate their work, child care is provided on site.
Spain isn’t an anomaly: Education departments in 18 OECD countries deliver free preschool for children starting at three years old. Belgium starts kids earlier at two-and-a-half. In most countries attendance is optional, but in 2019 the French government made école maternelle compulsory for children turning three, even though 97 percent of preschoolers already participated.
Free preschool guarantees an early learning experience for all children while accommodating the needs of working families with additional hours.
While European youngsters and their families anticipate schools’ opening, in my home province of Ontario the government siphoned almost $1 billion out of the education budget, while municipalities struggle to get operators to sign up for $10-a-day child care.
Uneven Canadian approaches
Ottawa’s $30-billion effort to create a Canada-wide early learning and child-care system is centred on affordable parent fees and creating 275,000 new spaces.
Forging a coherent social program out of a disjointed mix of commercial, charitable, religious and nonprofit providers operating under 13 different provincial and territorial agreements is no small task, made more complex by rules that exclude schools from receiving federal child-care dollars.
Education ministries recognizing the value of early learning to later school success have extended their mandates to include younger children. Alternately called preschool education, prekindergarten, pre-primary, junior kindergarten, early childhood services or Just B4 depending on their location, schools in six provinces and two territories offer preschool to at least some four-year-olds. Saskatchewan and Alberta include three-year-olds who are at risk of learning delays.
Newfoundland was about to join until told federal child-care dollars could not be used in schools. Its plan to offer full-day junior kindergarten to all four-year-olds was replaced by a contract with a child care provider to deliver 30 classes.
Nearby Nova Scotia scaled back its plans to have three-year-olds join its pre-primary program.
Children with special needs affected
In Ontario, where full-day kindergarten for four- and five-year-olds and on-site child care have been the norm for almost a decade, child care operated by schools does not qualify for federal funding to reduce parent fees. It’s a decision that hits more than the budgets of affected families.
Unlike child care, school-delivered programs must accommodate children with special needs, and schools are among the few employers to offer early childhood educators decent wages and working conditions.
(Pexels/Yan Krukov)
Québec lessons
Québec’s early learning expansion plans are unconstrained by the $6-billion share it received from Ottawa’s child care fund. The province’s Education Act was amended in 2019, entitling all four-year-old children to preschool education. Schools will have a place for every eligible child by 2023, and provide subsidized before- and after-school child care hours for those who need it.
Québec’s 20 plus years’ experience developing low-cost care has taught some lessons: a central learning is schools serve all kids. Child care only reaches some.
Long wait lists for care still confront Québec parents. Even if all the targets in the child-care agreements are realized by the end of their five-year terms, only 59 per cent of kids under six will have access.
Experience tells us the children left out will likely be those who could benefit most, youngsters from low-income, racialized and new Canadian families.
Change federal policy
Child care delivered by schools has many advantages. Schools are publicly owned, eliminating the need for costly land and facility acquisition. Operating and oversight mechanisms are already in place.
Consolidating learning and care for children of all ages in one neighbourhood location reduces its carbon footprint.
Parents are spared the hassle of multiple trips between school and child care. Additionally, research finds publicly funded early childhood programs delivered by schools score high in quality.
Yet federal policy prevents scaling up these settings. It’s a bad rule that needs changing before we see more daycare centres springing up in strip malls and storefronts, rather than excited youngsters stepping over school thresholds onto their best futures.
Kerry McCuaig, Fellow in Early Childhood Policy, Atkinson Centre, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
Kerry McCuaig, University of Toronto
