{"id":279924,"date":"2020-12-29T01:59:49","date_gmt":"2020-12-29T06:59:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/canadianinquirer.net\/v1\/?p=279924"},"modified":"2020-12-29T01:59:49","modified_gmt":"2020-12-29T06:59:49","slug":"why-getting-covid-19-vaccines-to-rural-americans-is-harder-than-it-looks-and-how-to-lift-the-barriers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/canadianinquirer.net\/v1\/2020\/12\/29\/why-getting-covid-19-vaccines-to-rural-americans-is-harder-than-it-looks-and-how-to-lift-the-barriers\/","title":{"rendered":"Why getting COVID-19 vaccines to rural Americans is harder than it looks, and how to lift the barriers"},"content":{"rendered":"
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The current vaccines\u2019 cold storage requirements and shipping rules mean many rural hospitals can\u2019t serve as vaccination distribution hubs. That can leave rural residents \u2013 about 20% of the U.S. population in all \u2013 traveling long distances, if they\u2019re able to travel at all. (File photo: Daniel Schludi\/Unsplash)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The enormous job of vaccinating the nation is underway, but for rural Americans, getting a COVID-19 vaccine becomes harder the farther they are from urban centers.<\/p>\n

The current vaccines\u2019 cold storage requirements<\/a> and shipping rules mean many rural hospitals can\u2019t serve as vaccination distribution hubs<\/a>. That can leave rural residents \u2013 about 20% of the U.S. population in all<\/a> \u2013 traveling long distances, if they\u2019re able to travel at all.<\/p>\n

Getting the word to rural residents about when they can be vaccinated isn\u2019t easy either, and the extraordinary amount of misinformation<\/a> downplaying the risk of the coronavirus this past year has had an impact on rural residents\u2019 willingness to get the vaccine<\/a>.<\/p>\n

We work in rural<\/a> health care settings<\/a> and have been examining the barriers to health care for these patients to find ways to ensure health and safety.<\/p>\n

The problem with big batches and cold storage<\/h2>\n

The first two authorized vaccines \u2013 one made by Pfizer and BioNTech and the other by Moderna \u2013 are mRNA vaccines. It\u2019s a new type of vaccine<\/a> that uses the molecular instructions for building virus proteins rather than injecting parts of the weakened virus itself. Both must be kept in very cold temperatures.<\/p>\n

To ensure stability, the vaccine doses are shipped in special containers with dry ice, and for now, vaccines are being delivered only in large batches. The Pfizer vaccine is shipped in increments of 975 doses<\/a> at a time, which creates a challenge for small hospitals.<\/p>\n

Urban areas will be able to quickly distribute those doses, but finding enough patients to vaccinate quickly in rural areas may prove more difficult.<\/p>\n

Moderna\u2019s vaccine is somewhat more manageable<\/a>, with a minimum order of 100 doses<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Both vaccines also require two doses per person, with the second dose of Pfizer\u2019s vaccine given 21 days later and Moderna\u2019s 28 days.<\/p>\n

As a result, the vaccine distribution efforts will favor hubs that cater to more populated areas to avoid wasting any vaccine or leaving patients unable to get their second dose.<\/p>\n

Cold storage is another challenge, since small hospitals are less likely to have expensive freezers. The Pfizer vaccine must be stored at minus 94 degrees Fahrenheit<\/a> (minus 70 Celsius) and Moderna\u2019s at minus 4 Fahrenheit<\/a>. There are limits on how many times the vaccine shipping containers can be opened and how quickly the vaccines must be distributed. Once thawed and prepared<\/a>, the Pfizer vaccine must be used within five days and Moderna\u2019s within 30 days<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Each patient must receive both doses of the vaccine from the same manufacturer to ensure safety and effectiveness, adding to the challenge. Manufacturers have included personal dosing cards<\/a> for patients to carry with them to help address this challenge.<\/p>\n

Rural America\u2019s take on COVID-19 and vaccines<\/h2>\n

Rural America already has difficult barriers to health care access.<\/p>\n

It has fewer health care providers serving a more geographically diverse population than in metropolitan communities. And in many of these areas, rural hospitals have been closing at an alarming rate, leaving people to travel farther for care<\/a>. The population is also older. Public transportation that could help poor or elderly residents reach hospitals is rare, and distance and geography, such as mountain roads, can mean driving to those sites takes time.<\/p>\n

Getting accurate information about the vaccine and how to receive it into rural areas has also proved difficult. Many rural counties still have limited access to broadband internet connections<\/a>, smartphone service and other technologies. That often means residents rely on television, newspapers and radio for news, which can limit the depth and scope of information.<\/p>\n

While some rural counties have started getting the word out<\/a>, many don\u2019t not seem to have specific plans on how to inform their residents about how and when each person can get the vaccine<\/a>, let alone specific plans for actually giving it. They often rely just on local press releases<\/a> that many residents never see.<\/p>\n

Rural nonprofit health care organizations have tried to bridge that gap and improve rural communications about vaccines and the pandemic. Care Compass Network<\/a>, which coordinates organizations across southern New York, has offered educational webinars with the latest information about the virus and the vaccines<\/a>, for example. But there is still much work to do.<\/p>\n