{"id":261519,"date":"2020-07-14T05:57:04","date_gmt":"2020-07-14T09:57:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/canadianinquirer.net\/v1\/?p=261519"},"modified":"2020-07-14T05:57:04","modified_gmt":"2020-07-14T09:57:04","slug":"facts-or-fake-news-revealing-patterns-in-the-covid-19-tweets-of-trudeau-and-trump","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/canadianinquirer.net\/v1\/2020\/07\/14\/facts-or-fake-news-revealing-patterns-in-the-covid-19-tweets-of-trudeau-and-trump\/","title":{"rendered":"Facts or fake news: Revealing patterns in the COVID-19 tweets of Trudeau and Trump"},"content":{"rendered":"

From its ostensible origins in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, COVID-19 has spread across the globe. There are now a staggering 11.5 million cases worldwide, resulting in over half a million deaths<\/a>. March saw the pandemic\u2019s beginnings in Canada and the United States, followed by widespread lockdowns meant to slow the progression of the virus.<\/p>\n

While the number of new daily cases in Canada is declining, U.S. cases have reached record highs. The U.S. represents four per cent of the world\u2019s population, but accounts for one-quarter of COVID-19 cases and deaths<\/a>. As of July 8, 2020, there were 9,051 cases per million people in the U.S. compared to 2,812 cases per million in Canada<\/a>. These statistics point to a substantial difference in community spread in the two countries.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Total confirmed cases of COVID-19 per million people in the U.S. and Canada.<\/span>
\n(OurWorldInData.org)<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Twitter provides an online record of political leaders\u2019 policies and personal sentiments. Both Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and U.S. President Donald Trump often tweet to large numbers of followers. The @realDonaldTrump<\/a> Twitter account has 82.7 million followers with more than 20,000 tweets during Trump\u2019s presidency<\/a>. The account @JustinTrudeau<\/a> has five million followers and has tweeted 18,000 times since Trudeau became prime minister<\/a>.<\/p>\n

There\u2019s a significant difference in how the two leaders have talked about this virus on Twitter. One has focused more on politics, while the other has focused on policy and public health.<\/p>\n

Networks of Twitter keywords<\/h2>\n

We conducted a quantitative analysis of themes emerging in Trudeau\u2019s and Trump\u2019s tweets during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study used network science, which considers systems and their interactions. We formed what are called \u201cco-occurrence networks\u201d based on keywords taken from tweets, with two keywords linked if they appear in the same tweet. For example, if the keywords \u201ccovid19\u201d and \u201cpandemic\u201d appear in the same tweet, then they were linked. The monthly top 100 keywords from @JustinTrudeau and @realDonaldTrump were extracted based on their frequency.<\/p>\n

To simplify the networks, we removed retweets and common stop words such as \u201cthe\u201d and \u201cat.\u201d We created visualizations of the networks to group the keywords into thematically related clusters or communities. We find a higher proportion of links inside communities and a sparser set of links between them.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Trudeau\u2019s March Twitter keyword network.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\"
Trump\u2019s March Twitter keyword network.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The algorithm extracted the communities in the keywords. Keywords and links were scaled up or down in size depending on their frequency. Communities of keywords were assigned colours such as blue, green and orange, and more correlated keywords were located closer together in the network.<\/p>\n

Looking back at the first two months of 2020, Trudeau\u2019s and Trump\u2019s tweets were unrelated to COVID-19. Trudeau focused on the shooting down of the passenger plane in Iran that had 57 Canadian citizens on board, followed by protests for the Wet\u2019suwet\u2019en First Nation. Trump focused on his impeachment trial and endorsing candidates in Republican congressional primaries.<\/p>\n

In March, the federal government\u2019s response to COVID-19 dominated Trudeau\u2019s Twitter keywords. In contrast, other topics competed for prevalence in Trump\u2019s tweets. These included tweets about fake news (closely situated to \u201ccoronavirus\u201d in the keyword network) and perceived unfairness from the Democrats.<\/p>\n

Claims of fake news coverage of the severity of the pandemic dominated Trump\u2019s April tweets. Trudeau\u2019s tweets centred on topics such as wage subsidies and appreciation for front-line workers.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Trudeau\u2019s April Twitter keyword network.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Trump\u2019s April Twitter keyword network.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In May and June, keywords from Trump\u2019s tweets revolved around Obamagate, Republican endorsements and transit funding.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Trump\u2019s May Twitter keyword network.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\"
Trump\u2019s June Twitter keyword network.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Trudeau\u2019s keyword networks for both months were in stark contrast to Trump\u2019s, with keywords related to the virus remaining prevalent.<\/p>\n

What the networks tell us<\/h2>\n

The keyword networks from March to June point to divergent messaging on the pandemic by the two leaders, as reflected in their tweets. While both leaders focused on COVID-19 in their March tweets, Trump did increasingly less so over the coming months. His reference to the virus was often through a political lens, with keywords related to the media or Democratic rivals.<\/p>\n

For each month we considered, the keywords fell into a small collection of communities, ranging from three to five. These observations are consistent with an earlier analysis<\/a> of Trump\u2019s tweets around his election.<\/p>\n

Trump famously made comments downplaying the pandemic<\/a> in its early days, and made subsequent statements referencing progress controlling the pandemic, despite a record number of new cases<\/a>. The early reopening of U.S. states<\/a> may have been a possible cause for increased cases.<\/p>\n

In contrast, Trudeau has stayed consistent in his daily briefings and tweets since lockdowns began in March, highlighting economic recovery programs and providing public health-care information.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Trudeau\u2019s May Twitter keyword network.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Trudeau\u2019s June Twitter keyword network.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Interestingly, Trudeau\u2019s minority government has been enjoying a surge in popularity<\/a>, while polls suggest rising disapproval of the Trump administration\u2019s<\/a> handling of the pandemic.<\/p>\n

As the COVID-19 becomes part of the new normal, there is greater public awareness of the effectiveness of lockdowns and actions needed to curb the spread of the virus such as social distancing, hand-washing, and wearing masks. However, not everyone is willing to comply<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Our network analysis suggests that consistent social media messaging by federal leadership may play a role in influencing views of the pandemic and efforts to contain it. We hope that political leaders with large platforms will use them to amplify the advice of medical professionals and help slow the spread of the virus.\"The<\/p>\n

Anthony Bonato<\/a>, Professor of Mathematics, Ryerson University<\/a><\/em> and Alex Nazareth<\/a>, MSc Candidate, Applied Math, Ryerson University<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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