MEXICO CITY – Mexican health authorities approved the first vaccine to gain official acceptance for use against the dengue virus, which sickens about 100 million people every year, mostly in Asia, Africa and Latin America.
The federal medical safety agency said Wednesday the vaccine has undergone testing on over 29,000 patients worldwide. It said the vaccine’s manufacturer had proved its safety and effectiveness, but did not name the drug.
In a separate statement, the Lyon, France-based Sanofi Pasteur identified the vaccine as Dengvaxia.
Mexico said the vaccine is aimed at people ages 9 to 45 and will be used in areas where the disease is endemic.
According to a World Health Organization report published in late 2014, the vaccine had an average rate of effectiveness of about 60.8 per cent in protecting against the four strains ofdengue currently circulating. Sanofi said its vaccine was shown to “reduce dengue due to all four serotypes (strains) in two-thirds of the participants,” a figure similar to the 65.6 per cent rate reported in a study published in September by the New England Journal of Medicine.
That is relatively low for a vaccine. Common vaccines like those for measles and polio are more than 95 per cent effective.
But Dengvaxia appeared to be particularly effective in protecting people from the most extreme, potentially life-threatening form of the disease, known as dengue hemorrhagic fever, which can cause internal bleeding, shock, organ failure and death. That form of the disease seems to hit people who have already had one strain of dengue, and then suffer a subsequent infection by a different strain.
Because of that, Mexico said it planned to apply the vaccine in areas were exposure rates to at least one strain were 60 per cent or more.
Dr. In-Kyu Yoon, director of the international Dengue Vaccine Initiative, said the drug “may potentially have a significant public health impact,” but noted “we still don’t know how much Sanofi will charge.”
“It probably will work best in those regions and countries that have the highest rate” of dengue exposure, Yoon said.
Sanofi said in its statement that the drug “prevented 9 out of 10 cases of severe dengue and 8 out 10 hospitalizations due to dengue.”
Dr. Cuauhtemoc Ruiz, chief of Pan American Health Organizations’ immunization program, said that whether the vaccine will be widely used will depend on a cost-benefit analysis. Countries will have to weigh whether another treatment or simply spraying to reduce mosquitoes would prevent more illnesses and deaths for the same money.
Ruiz added that at least five other dengue vaccines are in clinical development.
Mexico’s federal medical safety agency, known by its initials as Cofepris, said the vaccine could help prevent 104 deaths and 8,000 hospital admissions and save about $65 million in health expenditures annually. Mexico’s Health Department declined to comment on whether the government would supply the vaccine to those who need it most in the country’s largely poor, low-lying southern states.
WHO’s report said it was unclear how long the vaccine would protect those who receive it.
Mosquitoes transmit the dengue virus. Symptoms include high fevers and severe muscle and joint pain. There’s no specific treatment for dengue.