Autonomy for peace: Philippine president submits bill that gives autonomy to Muslims

President Benigno S. Aquino III and Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak witness MILF Peace Panel chairman Mohagher Iqbal, GPH Peace Panel chairperson Professor Miriam Coronel-Ferrer and Malaysian facilitator Tengku Ghafar affix their signature to the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro in a ceremony at the Kalayaan grounds of the Malacañan Palace on Thursday (March 27). Also in photo are MILF chairman Al Haj Murad Ebrahim and Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process Secretary Teresita Quintos-Deles. (Photo by Gil Nartea/ Robert Viñas/ Rodolfo Manabat/ Malacañang Photo Bureau)

MANILA, Philippines—The president of the overwhelmingly Catholic Philippines proposed Wednesday to give Muslims in the south the ability to run their own government under their own flag, part of a peace plan aimed at ending a four-decade rebellion that has killed 150,000 people.

The draft law submitted by President Benigno Aquino III to Congress fleshes out a peace deal signed in March by the country’s largest Muslim insurgent group, the 11,000-strong Moro Islamic Liberation Front.

The autonomous region in the southern island of Mindanao, to be called Bangsamoro, would get its own 60-member parliament that would wield exclusive power over such areas as agriculture, trade, tourism and education.

Under the proposal, Islamic Shariah law would apply to Muslims in the region, but the country’s justice system would continue to apply to non-Muslims. The Moro group has renounced the terrorist acts of extremist groups, including the Islamic State, which seeks to impose a harsh version of Shariah law in areas under its control in Syria and Iraq.

But at least three smaller Muslim rebel groups in the southern Philippines oppose the autonomy deal and have vowed to continue fighting for a separate Muslim homeland.

The autonomous zone, which generally covers five provinces, would replace an existing one, seen as a dismal failure. The new plan grants much more autonomy to the region, and Aquino’s government also has promised to pour 17 billion pesos ($389 million) in special development funds over the next five years into the region, which has been stunted economically by the long-drawn conflict.

The new region will also get larger revenue shares, including 75 per cent of national taxes, fees and charges collected by the government in Bangsamoro. The current Muslim region gets 70 per cent of those taxes.

The rebels have been fighting since the 1970s for Muslim self-rule in Mindanao in an insurrection that has killed about 150,000 combatants and civilians. The United States and other Western governments have backed the autonomy deal partly to prevent the insurgency from breeding extremists who could threaten their countries.

The peace accord and the draft law came after 13 years of tough negotiations.

“This is the farthest distance we have reached in our peace journey with the MILF,” presidential adviser Teresita Deles said in a statement. “Every word, line, and provision shall be subjected to the sunshine of democratic debate, where all voices will be heard, with our constitution as the guiding light.”

The Moro rebel group’s transformation has reaped praise amid worldwide alarm over the rise of the Islamic State group, which has been condemned for acts of brutality, including mass killings and beheadings.

The United Nations office in the Philippines praised the development as a “critical milestone” and “a crucial achievement in ensuring lasting peace and sustainable development in Mindanao and in the widerPhilippines.

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The broader autonomy given to the Muslim rebels mirrors the enhanced power, larger resources and other concessions granted by neighbouring Indonesia to Muslim separatist rebels in its Aceh province under a 2005 peace deal. That peace pact has held.

The Philippine autonomy bill is expected to come under intense scrutiny in Congress, but it is eventually expected to pass given that both the Senate and House of Representatives are dominated by Aquino’s allies. The bill may face legal challenges from Christian politicians and groups, which are wary of ceding territory, power and influence to Muslims.

In 2008, the government and the rebels were close to signing a preliminary peace deal but Christian politicians questioned the legality of the pact, which eventually fell apart, igniting rebel attacks. Fighting resumed, killing scores of people and displacing tens of thousands of villagers.

Filipinos have grown exasperated with the fighting in the south, so some politicians are reluctant to be seen opposing the plan, said Ramon Casiple, head of the independent Institute for Political and Electoral Reform.

“This isn’t a partisan issue,” Casiple said. “If you go around saying you’ll block this, a stance the public fears would lead to war, I don’t think you’ll get support from the people.”

Associated Press writer Niniek Karmini in Jakarta, Indonesia, contributed to this report.